Do professionalism and honesty go hand-in-hand with each other, not exactly, または depends?

That depends on your profession. While honesty might go with professionalism for a teacher または a construction worker, it's almost certain not to for a spy または politician.

from what I've learned and seen...no...they don't...this...pretty much explains why...

It depends on the kind of profession あなた choose to follow. In most cases, not really. Professionalism is always appreciated while honesty pretty rarely !!!!