Kufr in Islam: what is it and what are it’s types :
Learning about Kufr is an essential part of Muslim’s knowledge about his faith. Without knowing Kufr, あなた cannot do justice to Tawheed. Kufr is used in the Glorious Qur’an for people who cover up または hide the truth. It also uses this word to point out those who denied the favors of Allah によって not accepting his Dominion and Authority. Therefore Kufr is the opposite of Imaan または Disbelief in Allah and a Non-Believer is called Kaafir.
A person can be categorized as Kaafir または Murtadd (meaning apostate) if the following twelve beliefs または actions are found in him. Everyone should be aware of what Kufr is so that we can save ourselves from its dangers. Not knowing about kufr may result in あなた thinking that あなた are a Muslim, yet in reality あなた come under the category of Kaafir (May Allah save us from such disgrace).
However, unless we have clear and irrefutable evidence, ensure not to haste in labeling a person who claims to be Muslim as a kaafir (disbeliever) または Murtadd (Apostate). Leave this job to the scholars of Islam. But when あなた feel the need of letting people know about the person’s kufr, あなた may mention that his actions portray kufr in them. The reason for not directly assigning a person the label of a kaafir (Disbeliever) is the warning from prophet (pbuh) in the below Hadith:
Ibn Umar (radiallahu ‘anhu) reports that the Prophet (sallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam) 発言しました “Any person who called his brother ‘O Unbeliever’ (has in fact done an act によって which this kufr) would return to one of them. If it were so as he (the accuser) asserted, (the kufr of the accused would be confirmed, but if the kufr was not true) then it returned to him (the man who called his brother Muslim a kaafir).” Muslim.
There are matters which may indeed indicate または even necessitate that a person be a disbeliever (kaafir) such as defiling the Qur’aan または cursing the Prophet (sallallaahu ‘alaihi wa sallam) regardless of what the person espouses and it is only Allah who knows the unseen. As humans we can only judge または make determinations from what is outwardly evident.
Kufr (disbelief) is of two types: action (‘amaly) and belief (‘itiqaady ), some of which may be termed “kufr doona kufr” that is, a degree of kufr less than the total kufr which does not necessarily put one outside of イスラム教 although such a person’s イスラム教 may be doubtful または in grave danger. This is the explanation of Qur’aan 5:44 によって the companion Ibn Abbaas (radiallahu ‘anhu) collected によって Ibn Jareer and quoted によって Ibn Katheer on the authority of ‘Ataa.
1) To disavow Allah’s Lordship (Ruboobiyah) または Deity and singular right to be worshipped (Uloohiyah) [Qur'aan 4:48 & 116, 5:72, 39:2-3, 51:56] または the message of any of the Messengers of Allah (Tawheed) [Qur'aan 10:35, 16:36] または to claim that any Messenger または Prophet (Rasool または Nabiy) came after the Prophet Muhammad (sallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam). [Qur'aan 6:93, 6:21, 7:37, 11:18-19, 18:15, 29:68, 33:40, 39:32, 61:8]
2) To deny または reject any of Allah’s Attributes または Names (Asmaa was Sifaat) i.e. Living, Knowing, Hearing, Seeing, Merciful, having a face and hands (though we know not in what manner yet certainly not like His creation), または to add to them that which is not mentioned in the Qur’aan または authentic Sunnah. i.e. Belief that Allah is not above His creation & that He is everywhere または in everything または to attribute any quality that is Allah’s alone to man [Qur'aan 4:48, 6:18 & 61, 10:3, 68 - 69, 20:5, 35:10, 42:11, 72:26 - 27, Ch. 112]
3) Setting up intermediaries between oneself and Allah, making supplication to them, asking their intercession, and placing one’s trust in them. Calling upon the dead, asking them for help, または offering them gifts または sacrifices is all shirk. [Qur'aan 2:165 & 255, 5:72, 30:52, 39:44]. To give any of the creation that which is due to Allah alone または to be pleased with being 与えられた worship besides Allah in any manner [Qur'aan 21:29] thus making または becoming a taaghoot (pl. tawaagheet).
4) To curse, abuse the Name of Allah, to deny または to revile Him または any of His Messengers または Prophets または Angels. [Qur'aan 2:285, 4:136, 6:10, 57:19]
5) To deny, stop, または reject any Fard (obligatory) duty of the Sharia (Divine Law) i.e. Salaah, Zakaah, Saum, Hajj, Kindness to parents, または Jihad. [Qur'aan 4:50, 64-65, 80] または to turn away from the religion によって not learning または practicing it’s precepts. [Qur'aan 32:22]
6) To deem または to make permissible (halaal) what is clearly forbidden (haraam) -i.e. adultery, fornication, drinking alcohol, taking drugs, theft, murder, sorcery, magic; または to make what is halaal haraam – i.e. to eat meat または seafood, marry plural wives, women to veil, etc. [Qur'aan 2:102, 174-176,4:69, 6:157]
7) To deny または reject any chapter, verse, または letter from the Book of Allah (Al-Qur’aan) または to purposely give it deviant interpretations [Qur'aan 3:7, 6:21] i.e. not derived from the Qur’aan itself, the authentic Sunnah of Muhammad (sallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam) [Qur'aan 6:153, 16:64] または according to established methods of tafseer. Abu Hurairah (radiallahu ‘anhu) reported that the Rasool (sallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam) said, “Don’t pursue that which あなた have no knowledge of”. Ahmed. [Qur'aan 4:59, 10:68-70].
To openly 表示する disdain, scorn, contempt for, または treat with levity the Deen of イスラム教 または it’s tenets, obligatory injunctions または it’s traditions. [Qur'aan 4:140] To ridicule and deride them または to treat the Qur’aan as a piece of garbage または filth または to trample または abuse it as an insult. [Qur'aan 4:83, 140, 6:4-5, 7:50-51, 9:63-66, 20:124, 41:26 27]
9) To disbelieve in the Resurrection, Punishment, または Goodly reward on the 日 of Reckoning または that punishment and reward are only abstract, symbolic または spiritual. [Qur'aan , 56:1-2, 67:8-10, 69]
10) To say that the Righteous (Awliyaa’) are above the Prophets (‘alaihimus salaam) または that some of the Righteous are exempt from acts of worship prescribed によって イスラム教 according to the Sunnah of Muhammad (sallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam). [Qur'aan 3:85, 8:34, 10:62-63]
11) To rule または judge によって other than that which Allah revealed. This is of different types and the ruling differs depending on the beliefs and actions. Whoever rules によって other than what Allah has revealed viewing it または believing it to be superior または better than Allah’s sharia is considered a disbeliever によって all the Muslims. Likewise, the one who substitutes the sharia with man-made laws and 閲覧数 that as permissible, even if he says that to rule によって the sharia is better, is a disbeliever because he has made halaal what Allah has made haraam. If one rules as described following whims または in opposition to someone (i.e. not viewing it as equal, a substitute または superior as described above) he is considered a major sinner. [2:120, 3:85, 4:115, 5:3, 44, 49, 50, 33:36, 45:18, 58:22]. [explained in detail in Fataawa Ibn Baz, Vol. 1 Rulings on 'Aqeedah, pg. 991]
12) To support または aid the polytheists (mushrikoon) against the Muslims. [3:28. 118, 4:51, 5:57]
Types of Kufr:
There are many types of Al-Kufr ul Akbar:
1. Kufrul-’Inaad: Disbelief out of stubborness. This applies to someone who knows the truth and admits to knowing the truth and admits to knowing it with his tongue, but refuses to accept it and refrains from making a declaration. Allaah subhanahu wa ta’ala says: Throw into Hell every stubborn disbeliever [Soorah Qaaf (50), Ayah 24]
2. Kufrul-Inkaar: Disbelief out of denial. This applies to someone who denies with both ハート, 心 and tongue. Allaah subhanahu wa ta’ala says: They recognize the favors of Allaah, yet they deny them. Most of them are disbelievers. [Soorah Nahl (16), Ayah 83]
3. Kufrul-Kibr: Disbelief out of arrogance and pride. The disbelief によって the devils (Iblees) is an example of this type of Kufr.
4. Kufrul-Juhood: Disbelief out of rejection.This applies to someone who aknowledges the truth in his heart, but rejects it with his tongue. This types of kufr is applicable to those who calls themselves Muslims but who reject any necessary and accepted norms of イスラム教 such as Salaat and Zakat. Allaah subhanahu wa ta’ala says: They denied them (OUR SIGNS) even though their hearts believed in them , out of spite and arrogance. [Soorah Naml (27), Ayah 14]
5. Kufrul-Nifaaq: Disbelief out of hypocrisy.This applies to someone who pretends to be a believer but conceals his disbelief. Such a person is called a MUNAFIQ または hypocrite. Allaah subhanahu wa ta’ala says: Verily the hypocrites will be in the lowest depths of Hell. あなた will find no one to help them. [Soorah An Nisaa (4), Ayah 145]
6. Kufrul-Istihaal: Disbelief out of trying to make HARAM into HALAL. This applies to someone who accepts as lawful (Halal) that which Allaah has made unlawful (Haram) like alcohol または adultery.Only Allaah subhanahu wa ta’ala has the prerogative to make things Halal and Haram and those who seek to interfere with His right are like rivals to Him and therefore fall outside the boundries of faith.
7. Kufrul-Kurh: Disbelief out of detesting any of Allaah’s subhanahu wa ta’ala commands. Allaah subhanahu wa ta’ala says: Perdition (destruction) has been consigned to those who disbelieve and He will render their actions void. This is because they are averse to that which Allaah has revealed so He has made their actions fruitless. [Soorah Muhammed (47), Ayah 8-9]
8. Kufrul-Istihzaha: Disbelief due to mockery and derision. Allaah subhanahu wa ta’ala says: Say: Was it at Allaah, His signs and His apostles that あなた were mocking? Make no excuses. あなた have disbelieved after あなた have believed. [Soorah Taubah (9), ayah 65-66]
9. Kufrul-I’raadh: Disbelief due to avoidance. This applies to those who turn away and avoid the truth. Allaah subhanahu wa ta’ala says: And who is もっと見る unjust than he who is reminded of his Lord’s signs but then turns away from them. Then he forgets what he has sent フォワード, 前進, 楽しみにして (for the 日 of Judgement) [Soorah Kahf (18), Ayah 57]
10. Kufrul-Istibdaal: Disbelief because of trying to substitute Allaah’s Laws. This could take the form of:
(a) Rejection of Allaah’s law (Sharee’ah) without denying it
(b) Denial of Allaah’s law and therefore rejecting it, or
(c) Substituting Allaah’s laws with man-made laws. Allaah subhanahu wa ta’ala says: または have they partners with Allaah who have instituted for them a religion which Allaah has not allowed. [Soorah Shuraa(42), Ayah 8] Allaah subhanahu wa ta’ala says: Say not concerning that which your tongues put forth falsely (that) is lawful and this is forbidden so as to invent a lie against Allaah. Verily, those who invent a lie against Allaah will never prosper. [Soorah Nahl (16), Ayah 116]
Learning about Kufr is an essential part of Muslim’s knowledge about his faith. Without knowing Kufr, あなた cannot do justice to Tawheed. Kufr is used in the Glorious Qur’an for people who cover up または hide the truth. It also uses this word to point out those who denied the favors of Allah によって not accepting his Dominion and Authority. Therefore Kufr is the opposite of Imaan または Disbelief in Allah and a Non-Believer is called Kaafir.
A person can be categorized as Kaafir または Murtadd (meaning apostate) if the following twelve beliefs または actions are found in him. Everyone should be aware of what Kufr is so that we can save ourselves from its dangers. Not knowing about kufr may result in あなた thinking that あなた are a Muslim, yet in reality あなた come under the category of Kaafir (May Allah save us from such disgrace).
However, unless we have clear and irrefutable evidence, ensure not to haste in labeling a person who claims to be Muslim as a kaafir (disbeliever) または Murtadd (Apostate). Leave this job to the scholars of Islam. But when あなた feel the need of letting people know about the person’s kufr, あなた may mention that his actions portray kufr in them. The reason for not directly assigning a person the label of a kaafir (Disbeliever) is the warning from prophet (pbuh) in the below Hadith:
Ibn Umar (radiallahu ‘anhu) reports that the Prophet (sallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam) 発言しました “Any person who called his brother ‘O Unbeliever’ (has in fact done an act によって which this kufr) would return to one of them. If it were so as he (the accuser) asserted, (the kufr of the accused would be confirmed, but if the kufr was not true) then it returned to him (the man who called his brother Muslim a kaafir).” Muslim.
There are matters which may indeed indicate または even necessitate that a person be a disbeliever (kaafir) such as defiling the Qur’aan または cursing the Prophet (sallallaahu ‘alaihi wa sallam) regardless of what the person espouses and it is only Allah who knows the unseen. As humans we can only judge または make determinations from what is outwardly evident.
Kufr (disbelief) is of two types: action (‘amaly) and belief (‘itiqaady ), some of which may be termed “kufr doona kufr” that is, a degree of kufr less than the total kufr which does not necessarily put one outside of イスラム教 although such a person’s イスラム教 may be doubtful または in grave danger. This is the explanation of Qur’aan 5:44 によって the companion Ibn Abbaas (radiallahu ‘anhu) collected によって Ibn Jareer and quoted によって Ibn Katheer on the authority of ‘Ataa.
1) To disavow Allah’s Lordship (Ruboobiyah) または Deity and singular right to be worshipped (Uloohiyah) [Qur'aan 4:48 & 116, 5:72, 39:2-3, 51:56] または the message of any of the Messengers of Allah (Tawheed) [Qur'aan 10:35, 16:36] または to claim that any Messenger または Prophet (Rasool または Nabiy) came after the Prophet Muhammad (sallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam). [Qur'aan 6:93, 6:21, 7:37, 11:18-19, 18:15, 29:68, 33:40, 39:32, 61:8]
2) To deny または reject any of Allah’s Attributes または Names (Asmaa was Sifaat) i.e. Living, Knowing, Hearing, Seeing, Merciful, having a face and hands (though we know not in what manner yet certainly not like His creation), または to add to them that which is not mentioned in the Qur’aan または authentic Sunnah. i.e. Belief that Allah is not above His creation & that He is everywhere または in everything または to attribute any quality that is Allah’s alone to man [Qur'aan 4:48, 6:18 & 61, 10:3, 68 - 69, 20:5, 35:10, 42:11, 72:26 - 27, Ch. 112]
3) Setting up intermediaries between oneself and Allah, making supplication to them, asking their intercession, and placing one’s trust in them. Calling upon the dead, asking them for help, または offering them gifts または sacrifices is all shirk. [Qur'aan 2:165 & 255, 5:72, 30:52, 39:44]. To give any of the creation that which is due to Allah alone または to be pleased with being 与えられた worship besides Allah in any manner [Qur'aan 21:29] thus making または becoming a taaghoot (pl. tawaagheet).
4) To curse, abuse the Name of Allah, to deny または to revile Him または any of His Messengers または Prophets または Angels. [Qur'aan 2:285, 4:136, 6:10, 57:19]
5) To deny, stop, または reject any Fard (obligatory) duty of the Sharia (Divine Law) i.e. Salaah, Zakaah, Saum, Hajj, Kindness to parents, または Jihad. [Qur'aan 4:50, 64-65, 80] または to turn away from the religion によって not learning または practicing it’s precepts. [Qur'aan 32:22]
6) To deem または to make permissible (halaal) what is clearly forbidden (haraam) -i.e. adultery, fornication, drinking alcohol, taking drugs, theft, murder, sorcery, magic; または to make what is halaal haraam – i.e. to eat meat または seafood, marry plural wives, women to veil, etc. [Qur'aan 2:102, 174-176,4:69, 6:157]
7) To deny または reject any chapter, verse, または letter from the Book of Allah (Al-Qur’aan) または to purposely give it deviant interpretations [Qur'aan 3:7, 6:21] i.e. not derived from the Qur’aan itself, the authentic Sunnah of Muhammad (sallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam) [Qur'aan 6:153, 16:64] または according to established methods of tafseer. Abu Hurairah (radiallahu ‘anhu) reported that the Rasool (sallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam) said, “Don’t pursue that which あなた have no knowledge of”. Ahmed. [Qur'aan 4:59, 10:68-70].
To openly 表示する disdain, scorn, contempt for, または treat with levity the Deen of イスラム教 または it’s tenets, obligatory injunctions または it’s traditions. [Qur'aan 4:140] To ridicule and deride them または to treat the Qur’aan as a piece of garbage または filth または to trample または abuse it as an insult. [Qur'aan 4:83, 140, 6:4-5, 7:50-51, 9:63-66, 20:124, 41:26 27]
9) To disbelieve in the Resurrection, Punishment, または Goodly reward on the 日 of Reckoning または that punishment and reward are only abstract, symbolic または spiritual. [Qur'aan , 56:1-2, 67:8-10, 69]
10) To say that the Righteous (Awliyaa’) are above the Prophets (‘alaihimus salaam) または that some of the Righteous are exempt from acts of worship prescribed によって イスラム教 according to the Sunnah of Muhammad (sallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam). [Qur'aan 3:85, 8:34, 10:62-63]
11) To rule または judge によって other than that which Allah revealed. This is of different types and the ruling differs depending on the beliefs and actions. Whoever rules によって other than what Allah has revealed viewing it または believing it to be superior または better than Allah’s sharia is considered a disbeliever によって all the Muslims. Likewise, the one who substitutes the sharia with man-made laws and 閲覧数 that as permissible, even if he says that to rule によって the sharia is better, is a disbeliever because he has made halaal what Allah has made haraam. If one rules as described following whims または in opposition to someone (i.e. not viewing it as equal, a substitute または superior as described above) he is considered a major sinner. [2:120, 3:85, 4:115, 5:3, 44, 49, 50, 33:36, 45:18, 58:22]. [explained in detail in Fataawa Ibn Baz, Vol. 1 Rulings on 'Aqeedah, pg. 991]
12) To support または aid the polytheists (mushrikoon) against the Muslims. [3:28. 118, 4:51, 5:57]
Types of Kufr:
There are many types of Al-Kufr ul Akbar:
1. Kufrul-’Inaad: Disbelief out of stubborness. This applies to someone who knows the truth and admits to knowing the truth and admits to knowing it with his tongue, but refuses to accept it and refrains from making a declaration. Allaah subhanahu wa ta’ala says: Throw into Hell every stubborn disbeliever [Soorah Qaaf (50), Ayah 24]
2. Kufrul-Inkaar: Disbelief out of denial. This applies to someone who denies with both ハート, 心 and tongue. Allaah subhanahu wa ta’ala says: They recognize the favors of Allaah, yet they deny them. Most of them are disbelievers. [Soorah Nahl (16), Ayah 83]
3. Kufrul-Kibr: Disbelief out of arrogance and pride. The disbelief によって the devils (Iblees) is an example of this type of Kufr.
4. Kufrul-Juhood: Disbelief out of rejection.This applies to someone who aknowledges the truth in his heart, but rejects it with his tongue. This types of kufr is applicable to those who calls themselves Muslims but who reject any necessary and accepted norms of イスラム教 such as Salaat and Zakat. Allaah subhanahu wa ta’ala says: They denied them (OUR SIGNS) even though their hearts believed in them , out of spite and arrogance. [Soorah Naml (27), Ayah 14]
5. Kufrul-Nifaaq: Disbelief out of hypocrisy.This applies to someone who pretends to be a believer but conceals his disbelief. Such a person is called a MUNAFIQ または hypocrite. Allaah subhanahu wa ta’ala says: Verily the hypocrites will be in the lowest depths of Hell. あなた will find no one to help them. [Soorah An Nisaa (4), Ayah 145]
6. Kufrul-Istihaal: Disbelief out of trying to make HARAM into HALAL. This applies to someone who accepts as lawful (Halal) that which Allaah has made unlawful (Haram) like alcohol または adultery.Only Allaah subhanahu wa ta’ala has the prerogative to make things Halal and Haram and those who seek to interfere with His right are like rivals to Him and therefore fall outside the boundries of faith.
7. Kufrul-Kurh: Disbelief out of detesting any of Allaah’s subhanahu wa ta’ala commands. Allaah subhanahu wa ta’ala says: Perdition (destruction) has been consigned to those who disbelieve and He will render their actions void. This is because they are averse to that which Allaah has revealed so He has made their actions fruitless. [Soorah Muhammed (47), Ayah 8-9]
8. Kufrul-Istihzaha: Disbelief due to mockery and derision. Allaah subhanahu wa ta’ala says: Say: Was it at Allaah, His signs and His apostles that あなた were mocking? Make no excuses. あなた have disbelieved after あなた have believed. [Soorah Taubah (9), ayah 65-66]
9. Kufrul-I’raadh: Disbelief due to avoidance. This applies to those who turn away and avoid the truth. Allaah subhanahu wa ta’ala says: And who is もっと見る unjust than he who is reminded of his Lord’s signs but then turns away from them. Then he forgets what he has sent フォワード, 前進, 楽しみにして (for the 日 of Judgement) [Soorah Kahf (18), Ayah 57]
10. Kufrul-Istibdaal: Disbelief because of trying to substitute Allaah’s Laws. This could take the form of:
(a) Rejection of Allaah’s law (Sharee’ah) without denying it
(b) Denial of Allaah’s law and therefore rejecting it, or
(c) Substituting Allaah’s laws with man-made laws. Allaah subhanahu wa ta’ala says: または have they partners with Allaah who have instituted for them a religion which Allaah has not allowed. [Soorah Shuraa(42), Ayah 8] Allaah subhanahu wa ta’ala says: Say not concerning that which your tongues put forth falsely (that) is lawful and this is forbidden so as to invent a lie against Allaah. Verily, those who invent a lie against Allaah will never prosper. [Soorah Nahl (16), Ayah 116]